Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a common yet serious condition that affects the tissues surrounding your teeth. It’s important to understand what gum disease is, how it develops, and how you can prevent it.
Signs and Symptoms
Being aware of the signs of gum disease is vital for early detection:
– Swollen or puffy gums
– Bright red, dark red, purple gums
– Tender gums when touched
– Gums that bleed easily
– Bad taste or breath
– Pus between teeth and gums
– Loose teeth or a change in how your teeth fit together when you bite
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult your dental professional promptly.
What is Gum Disease?
Gum disease is a collective term for a series of gum-related conditions. Gum disease begins with the inflammation of your gums. This usually happens when plaque biofilm – a sticky film of bacteria – builds up on your teeth and gums. If not removed through regular brushing and flossing, plaque can harden into calculus, leading to more severe issues.
At its core, gum disease is a bacteria-led condition. It is strongly impacted with how your immune system reacts to these bacteria – some people have a higher threshold before problems begin, whereas other people only need a small quantity of bacteria for problems to start.
As a result, gum disease is said to be an immuno-inflammatory condition.
Stages of Gum Disease
Gum disease can be classified into two main stages:
– Gingivitis: This is the early stage of gum disease, characterised by bleeding gums. You might notice that your gums are red and tender, especially when you brush or floss. Fortunately, gingivitis is usually reversible with good oral hygiene and professional dental disinfection.
– Periodontitis: If gingivitis isn’t treated, it can progress to periodontitis. At this stage, the inflammation extends deeper into the supporting structures of the teeth, which can lead to gum recession, pockets forming between the gums and teeth, and even tooth loss. This is not reversible.
What can you do?
Gum disease is a very common condition that can have serious consequences if left untreated. Understanding its nature as a condition that is affected by bacteria levels in the mouth and your own immune system’s response to these bacteria can help you appreciate the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental visits. If your gums bleed or feel swollen, don’t ignore it – your body is sending you a warning sign. Book a check-up with Dr Dhroov Thanki, your gum health dentist, today.